How the Air-Passages are Explored

Reflective Practice: How the World Bank Explored Its Own Biases?

While many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Health organization (WHO), uniquely the World Bank in its 2015 World Development Report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. Here, we describe the World Bank’s study design, including experiments ...

Leech in the Air Passages

One day last year on arriving at tlie Panchmar dispensary I found 'the Sub-Assistant Surgeon trying to remove a leech from tlie pharynx of an Afghan lad of fourteen. I told him to carry on while I attended to some other work and present' ly he reported that the leech had gone down into the boy's larynx. With direct sunlight and a laryngoscopic mirror I could see the leech very clearly lying on ...

Humidification of the air passages.

The reasons for moistening of the mucous membranes are several. Ciliary action is dependent on a supply ofmucus, of the right viscosity and in correct amount; in this blanket of mucus are carried lysozymes, described by Fleming (1928), of considerable bacteriostatic and bactericidal importance. The alveoli of the lung must be kept moist, for otherwise respiratory exchanges cannot be carried on;...

Foreign Bodies in the Air Passages.

reflective practice: how the world bank explored its own biases?

while many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the international monetary fund (imf) and world health organization (who), uniquely the world bank in its 2015 world development report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. here, we describe the world bank’s study design, including experiments ...